Freeware - Freight Management System

http://www.fileguru.com/apps/freight_management_system/freeware/p4

MyWMS (Open source WMS systems)

http://www.mywms.org/

John Denver performs It's About Time in Russia

Remembering Pearl - My Little Princess

Dearest Pearl,

On 29th September 2010 morning, you decided to call it a day and leave us quietly.
While I feel this life journey is a long and less traveled one by many, I sincerely believe you have lived well.
It is a uneven road that requires strong courage and endless love.

There will always be a little corner in my heart for you.
Your killing smiles always brought me the sweetest memory when I was down and out during the days in UK.
I thank you for helping me to bring out the love in me.

Your thick dark hair, your little birthmark and your big eyes together become a cheeky trademark image of you in my mind.

Whenever I woke up in the morning during the good old days, I often saw you sitting quietly alone in the living hall, freshened and cleaned, looking calm and euphoric. I always knew that you had made my day.

You might not have spoken a word to me throughout our time together.
You might have never called my name.
Yet your greatest influence to me has been long lasting, significant albeit seemingly simple.
You changed my diet habit when I was 17 so I began to accept and appreciate Yoghurt -
what used to be a distasteful and sour drink for me.
You convinced me that Yoghurt does not only taste good but it is good for me too.
Since then, yoghurt is my daily 'entertaining' drink that i cannot live without.

I believe this power of influence has connected me and you personally.

Pearl, I like to end this short note with a moment of silence, a short prayer, a deep hug and kiss, and with lots of love and blessings. Since we are connected in this life, my faith tells me that our reincarnation paths will cross again in our next life. May you have a smooth journey ahead and rest peacefully.

Remember to look out for the first guy who offers you yoghurt next life and say hi.

Love always...

from your MS gor-gor

How to write a business plan, sample business plans, templates, and more.

How to write a business plan, sample business plans, templates, and more.

Free Enneagram Personality Test

Free Enneagram Personality Test

Salary.sg - Your Salary in Singapore

Salary.sg - Your Salary in Singapore

My Korean Name

I didn't realise that I have a Korean name.

It is called...

이문서

SCORE Model

Justice: What's The Right Thing To Do? Episode 01 "THE MORAL SIDE OF MUR...

Michael Sandel

Infrastructure Sharing (Passive Infrastructure becoming more popular)

Infrastructure Sharing

There are multiple possible options of sharing amongst telecom service providers. However this sharing also depends on telecom regulatory and legislation.

• Passive Infrastructure (eg OpenNet Singapore) sharing is nothing but sharing non-electronic infrastructure at cell site. Passive Infrastructure is becoming popular in telecom industry world wide.

• Active (eg Nucleus Connect Singapore) sharing is nothing but sharing electronic infrastructure.

• Spectrum-sharing concept is based on a lease model and is often termed ‘spectrum trading’. An operator can lease a part of its spectrum to another operator on commercial terms. Though this mechanism, along with that of MVNOs, exists in the US, Europe, Singapore and Australia.

• Base station sharing is prospective while each operator: maintains control over logical Node B so that it will be able to operate the frequencies assigned to the carrier, fully independent from the partner operator and retains control over active base station equipment such as the TRXs that control reception/transmission over radio channels. Radio network controller and core network are not shared here.

• Site sharing includes antennas and mast; this may also hold Base transceiver station (BTS), Node B in UMTS context and common equipments such as Antenna system, masts, cables, filters and shelter.

Utility pole shared by service providers

• Sharing a mast is called mast sharing.

• Antenna sharing shares an antenna and all related connections (coupler, feeder cable), in addition to passive radio site elements.

• RNC (Radio Network Controller) sharing represents maintaining logical control over the RNC of each operator independently.

• MSC and Routers sharing or backbone sharing includes sharing switches (MSC) and routers (SGSN) on the operator's fixed network.

• Geographical Splitting

• Frequency Sharing.

MTM Basics

初级作业
作业(一): 初试啼声

你已听过会友的演讲, 说不定也已在即席问答里发表意见, 如今该是作第一次备告讲话, “初试啼声” 的时候了.

第一次公开说话, 最好的办法是从与你关系最密切的题材谈起 – 你自己. 把你介绍给会友认识, 报告你的背景, 你的兴趣, 你的抱负. 从撰写讲稿到讲出来的过程中，你会发现你自己已具备的技巧和需要改进的地方；会友们也会就观察所得，帮你找出需要改进的所在．

单元目标：

－　开始在观众前进行演讲
－　发现演讲者已经具备的演讲技巧以及在以后需要关注的技巧.


时间：　四到六分钟


作业(二): 条理分明

如果要让你的观众倾听并理解你的演讲, 良好的演讲组织结构是必不可少的. 你必须花时间将自己的想法有条理地组织起来. 你可以用多种方法组织自己的演讲,然后选择最适合演讲主题的框架. 演讲的主体必须能够支撑你的观点,结论应加强观点,并使之便于记忆,而不同层次间的过渡也应平滑流畅.

单元目标：
－　选择便于观众倾听理解演讲的合适框架.
－　观点表述鲜明,选择能够直接支撑观点的材料.
－　不同层次间过渡平滑流畅.
－　设计有强效的开头和结尾.

时间：　五到七分钟


作业(三): 确定目标

每个演讲必须有一般目标和具体目标. 一般目标是指解说,说服,娱乐和鼓动. 具体目标是你希望听众在听完演讲后去做什么. 一旦确定了一般目标和具体目标,就可以更容易地组织你的演讲. 你也会获得更大的信心,从而使你的演讲更有说服力,更有激情,更加真诚. 你的演讲组织得越好,就越容易达到你所制定的目标.

单元目标：
－　选择一个话题,并且决定其一般目标和具体目标.
－　组织你的演讲材料,并且确保你选择了对于达成目标最有帮助的组织方式.
－　确保开头,主体和结尾都与目标相关,都能加强目标.
－　显示真诚和说服力,控制紧张.
－　尽量不使用笔记.

时间：　五到七分钟




作业(四): 表情达意

语言具有强大的力量. 它们传递信息,影响观众对你的理解和观察. 演讲中语言的运用和演讲的组织及目的同等重要. 选择清楚,准确,简短,表现力强的词汇,正确有效地排列使用,才能使你的沟通效果最佳. 演讲中每一个词都应当传递特定的信息,为演讲增添声色.

单元目标：
－　选择正确的词语和句子结构,以清楚,准确,生动地表达意思.
－　使用修辞手法强调观点.
－　避免使用重复多余的词语. 使用正确的语法.

时间：　五到七分钟




作业(五): 肢体语言

肢体语言能增强传递信息的效果,增加你的可信程度,是演讲的重要部分. 肢体语言还能帮助你消除紧张. 站姿,动作,手势,表情和目光接触能帮助沟通,达到演讲的目标. 肢体语言使用时必须自然顺畅,传递的信息应当与你口头表达的一致.


单元目标：
－　使用站姿,动作,手势,表情和目光接触传达信息,达到演讲目标.
－　肢体语言的使用应当自然顺畅.

时间：　五到七分钟



作业(六): 抑扬顿挫

演讲的声音对观众影响巨大. 生动,激情的声音能吸引听者,维持他们的注意力. 演讲的声音应当是语调愉悦,自然而不做作,生动有力,音调起伏富有表现力,而且清晰可闻. 学会运用音量,语调,速度和音质,以及停顿来加强演讲的效果.你的声音应当映和演讲的内容.

单元目标：
－　运用音量,音调速度和音质来反映和丰富演讲的含义,加强效果.
－　运用停顿来强调要点.
－　练习自然顺畅地运用声音技巧.

时间：　五到七分钟




作业(七): 探究主题

如果你能用数据,证言,故事,辅助工具和事实来支持自己的主要论点,那么你的演讲效果将会更佳. 而这些材料你都可以通过上网,到图书馆或其他地方查阅收集到.

演讲时不要只是讲述自己的看法,而要使用多种来源的信息,通过具体的事实和例证来巧妙地支撑自己的观点.

单元目标：
－　收集关于演讲主题的信息.
－　仔细运用研究所得的具体事实和例证支撑自己的要点和观点.

时间：　五到七分钟






作业(八): 助势添威

视觉辅助工具帮助观众理解和记忆所听到的信息,是演讲人的有用工具. 最常用的视觉辅助工具包括电脑辅助工具,投影仪,活动挂图,白板和道具.

选择视觉辅助工具,取决于多个因素,包括你希望传达的信息和观众的规模. 它必须适合演讲的主旨,易于为观众接受. 使用时姿态要自然,要显得自信.

单元目标：
－　选择适合演讲主旨,能为观众接受的视觉辅助工具.
－　正确使用视觉辅助工具,展示时态度自然,有自信.

时间：　五到七分钟




作业(九): 强效劝说

说服他人的能力,即帮助他人理解,接受并采取相应的措施,是很有价值的技能. 如果观众觉得你可信,如果你在劝服时运用逻辑和情绪的工具,如果你仔细组织演讲结构,如果你的演讲迎合观众的兴趣,那么你的观众会更倾向于相信你. 避免在演讲时使用笔记,因为这会让观众怀疑你的诚意,知识水平和信服力.

单元目标：
－　劝服观众听取你的观点,想法或采取行动.
－　迎合观众的兴趣.
－　运用逻辑和情绪支持自己的立场.
－　避免使用笔记.

时间：　五到七分钟




作业(十): 激励启发

启发式演讲能激励观众自我提高,或者在情绪上,专业上或精神上获得提高. 它能鼓励观众获得更大的成功,采用更高的目标或者对组织做出更多奉献.

启发式演讲通过共同的渴望将观众联合在一起,培养观众的热情,然后提出建议,吸引观众遵从建议.

单元目标：
－　了解听众在特定场合下的心理状态和感受
－　运用已学过的技巧,将感受转化成语言,以激励听众

时间：　五到七分钟

Poh Kong Medical Hall in Singapore - 保康药行 - 陈江河 针灸师 Tel: 64746144

Poh Kong Medical Hall in Singapore - The Green Book

Accupunture

Poh Kong Medical Hall in Singapore

保康药行 - 陈江河 针灸师

Tel: 64746144

Launching: Gilstead 2 and Casa Aerata | Singapore Business Review

Launching: Gilstead 2 and Casa Aerata | Singapore Business Review

Casa Aerata by Ecco Realty Pte Ltd
Location: District 14, 9 Lorong 26 Geylang
Tenure: Freehold
Launch: End May 2010
T.O.P.: 4Q 2014

Type: Casa Aerata is an eight-storey freehold condominium located in the vibrant Geylang vicinity. This city fringe development consists of 78 units ranging from 1-3 bedrooms. The development is within walking distance to Aljunied MRT and the new Circle Line Dakota MRT.

Analyst's forecast: We expect property prices in the Geylang area to soar over the next few years, judging by the prices of neighbouring Paya Lebar and the upcoming Paya Lebar Business Hub. This property will have a tremendous growth potential due to its excellent location and accessibility to the CBD, Integrated resorts and fast access to the airport.

Source credit: Keith Ng, Asia Property Group Pte. Ltd.
www.propertyshowrooms.sg

Now what Singapore? | Singapore Business Review

Now what Singapore? | Singapore Business Review

Humorous enneagram type description for 7.

Humorous enneagram type description for 7.
Enthusiast


Your core personality is probably Enneagram Type 7, the ENTHUSIAST, also known as the DILETTANTE or the QUITTER.

You are highly responsive, exciteable, and enthusastic about sensations and experiences. So lively, vivacious and spontaneous, in fact, that if you had an ounce of insight you'd realize you're living a life without purpose. Whenever you stumble into a partial awareness of your utter superificiality, you can usually find a drug, new movie, or wild infatuation to help you forget about it.

Your SECRET JOYS include having an orgasm, eating more than your share, driving too fast while drunk, flirting, having sex without a condom, telling your boss to go fuck himself, breaking windows, and developing a deep relationship with a dumb barking animal.

Some of your SECRET FEARS are that you will not have anyone to party with on weekends, that you'll be trapped at home on a rainy day with nothing to do, that you will have to work for more than two months at a stretch, that your love interest will ask you for a commitment, or that you will run out of drugs.

Under STRESS you begin to move toward Enneagram Type 1, the IDEALIST. You plunge into a twelve-step program, religious movement, or new age self-improvement fraud in a desperate search for order and structure in your life. You preach your conversion loud and often, until the novelty wears off and you wander off to something new.

AT YOUR BEST you begin to move toward Enneagram Type 5, the THINKER. You turn your flighty and lightweight personality toward self-conscious philosophizing and moralizing, discovering that you're much more in demand with your drinking buddies when you can offer them platitudes to ridicule. And best of all, because you seem to be sincerely grappling with life's mysteries, nobody much minds that you never stick with anything long enough to find real answers.

Source: Enneagram 7

“老二”哲学的生意经！

会做“老二”并非真的是甘居人后，而是可以从做“老二”中尝到更多的甜头，从而使自己的创业在一开始就可以借“蹭车”获得利润。

中国台湾企业的经营管理的概念中，有一种叫“老二哲学”的说法，就是不做第一，不做第三，而只是紧紧跟在排名第一的后面做老二，瞄准机会再冲刺第一。或许是暂时不愿做“出头鸟”，或许是想挂在后面搭个便车，但最终是没有一家会甘居第二的，“老二”也只是个过渡。

创业者在创业之初，要学会做“老二”。事实上，会做“老二”并非真的是甘居人后，而是可以从做“老二”中尝到更多的甜头，从而使自己的创业在一开始就可以借“蹭车”获得利润。找对“火车头”不做火车头，就是人无你有的不要做。最典型的例子就是万燕做VCD行业的火车头，最后钱都让步步高、爱多他们赚去了。当年万燕花了大把的钱，告诉消费者：VCD是好东西。直到市场培育好了，大家都知道VCD是个好东西时，步步高、爱多出手了：建树自己的品牌，完善自己的营销网络，再把价格降下去，成功了！万燕呢，一把鼻涕一把泪地当“革命先烈”去了。

生存第一，对于小企业来说，“慢半拍”才是捷径。比如一个投资12万元的餐饮店，“硬件要上水平”、“服务要领先”，而且要“全方位导入企业形象设计”，这种“星级酒店水平”对它合适吗？一家年销售十几万元的初创企业，有人建议它“技术领先”，成立“单片机”研究开发部门，申请ISO国际质量认证，要知道，这个公司目前连个专业技术人员都没有。

一个市场，10年以后的前景被描述得非常好，确实也不错，问题是，你怎样让这个企业挺过这两三年？眼下，不少创业者认为开发新产品应采劝先人一步”的战略，此种先发制人的举措无可厚非，而“步人后尘”者则不应视为落伍者。这类“落伍者”之中，大多数是处于创业之初的中小型企业，他们在开发新产品中，由于受到资金、技术力量、人才储备等诸多因素制约，新产品开发步履艰难，很难尽快形成规模，产生效益，这些也正是他们所苦恼和刻意加以解决的难题。而有些中小企业本无“先人一步”的能力，也拼命地往前冲，不仅新产品开发没有形成气候，投入市场后难免存在这样那样的缺点，结果使企业处于困境。

“先人一步”必须具备了一定的实力方可行事，“慢人半拍”也非无能，尤其对那些技术力量单雹资金不雄厚、技术人才缺乏的初创企业，更应令企业当家人三思而后行。

《科学投资》杂志认为，对于那些创业者来说，在开发新产品时，创造较好的经济效益关键不在于“先人一步”与“慢人半拍”，而在于抓准了、抓住了开发新产品的“时间差”，打出好的“落点”，从别人产品中吸取优点和长处，不断改进自己的缺点和不足，扬长避短，在市场上也能唱出后发制人的好戏来。也就是说，小企业不做火车头，却一定要找对火车头，也就是找对新兴的市常对于创业企业来说，准确寻找到“火车头”，就意味准确寻找到利润的方向，并且可以及时搭乘上这趟列车去迎接“开门红”的到来。

陈方的“前卫越野俱乐部”并不是国内第一家，但是他却看准了两点，第一，国内私车消费市场日趋成熟，越来越多的人购买私车，这其中包括极多的越野车爱好者。并且随着车价的下降，购车人数迅猛增加，这将是一个极庞大的市场；第二，大漠孤烟、长河落日也仅仅是沧海一粟。想聆听大自然最真的心跳，光走走景点是远远不够的；要真正了解西部，只有亲身投入到她的怀抱，感受她！

因此西部旅游业也日渐红火起来。两个成熟因素同时存在，让陈方找到了一个不可多得的商机——场地是大自然免费奉送的，整个地区的市场是空缺的。更重要的是，谁能抵挡住在古丝绸之路上风驰电掣一回的极限诱惑？创业之前，陈方一直从事旅游业，作为一名忠实的爱车族，凭着自己在旅游业多年闯荡的经验，陈方觉得自己找到了全新的创业方向。

四驱车的最大好处，就是能够在其他车辆难以通行的地方顺利行驶，使驾驶者更贴近大自然的原始状态，享受克服障碍、勇往直前的驾驶乐趣。西部大开发的大环境，也使越来越多的人将目光投向西部。将汽车越野与旅游结合起来的这种新兴体育休闲运动，也容易引起人们的兴趣。天时、地利、人和兼备，陈方满怀信心地踏上创业征程。

人员到位了，车辆购齐了。“甘肃前卫越野俱乐部”在兰州正式挂牌营业。兰州是通往古丝绸之路和雪域高原西藏的最佳起始点，也是前往广阔无垠的内蒙古大草原、神秘苍凉的周边大漠，以及山川秀美的巴蜀的必经之地。其特殊的地理位置为发展4ｘ4自驾车越野运动提供了得天独厚的便利条件，而且成本也相对较低。

由于自驾车野外探险旅行是一种高消费娱乐活动，陈方将目标客户群锁定在白领和四驱车爱好者两个群体。不过，在实际运营中，他发现来自普通收入阶层的顾客也不在少数，于是，他立即对经营策略做了调整，推出了两档后勤服务类型——普通档和豪华型，以适应不同客户的需要，同时，还为自己没车的顾客提供租车服务。

俱乐部采取的是会员制，会员每年要缴纳一定数额的费用，可享受免费提供的旅行咨询信息及行程计划、车辆信息咨询、驾驶技术咨询，以及车辆维修和改装的咨询。为扩大俱乐部的影响，陈方在宣传方面也下了大功夫，定期组织会员们参加各种联谊和公益活动，吸引了更多热爱旅游和热衷于寻求刺激的潜在顾客。随后的日子里，登上了西部旅游这个高速列车的陈方和他的越野俱乐部，几乎是一路畅通地发展至今。

学会“蹭饭”

请客吃饭，来的人中通常有两种，一种是应邀前来的，另一种则是硬要前来的。初创的小企业，要资金没资金、要技术缺少技术，因此在品尝市场大餐时，很少能够被“邀请”。不过，这并不意味着这顿饭就吃不到嘴里。在大企业“应邀”时，小企业学着“蹭顿饭”也未尝不可。而且还别小看了这“蹭饭”，小企业专门为这顿饭而去，就只管埋头吃饭，到最后吃到嘴里的反而比大企业还要多。山西别样红饮料就曾经踏踏实实地蹭了一顿美餐。

红牛饮料刚刚进入山西市场时，整个山西市场中使用金罐子的饮料只有红牛一家。由于红牛强大的广告攻势和相对偏高的市场价格，因此在山西消费者心目中形成了一个概念，用金罐子的饮料都比较高档。此时，别样红抓住了这个机会，也使用金罐子包装上市，马上给当地消费者造成了一种视觉冲击，认为别样红与红牛一样，都是高档饮料。其结果就是，别样红节省了一大笔的宣传费用，并迅速敲开了市场大门。

现在我们可以明显地看到，身处一个明星当道的时代中，只有明星，特别是全球性明星，才能在竞争激烈的社会中拥有更多属于自己的利益。迈克尔·乔丹只有一个，第二名，尽管天分可能相差无几，但也只能拿到1/10甚至1/100的收入。日益发达的交通和通讯设施，和正在成熟的网络经济时代，正在改变人类的生存状态，也使得企业间的竞争变得越来越残酷。第二也好，第三也好，只有先生存、找出路，才可能再谋发展。

毕竟登上塔顶浪尖的企业少之又少，对于大多数公司来说，在第一、二名的光环外找到自己的生存空间，无疑是更现实的解决之道。《孙子兵法》曰：不战而屈人之兵，乃上策也。技术创新“跟着走”便是不战而屈人之兵的上策。近年来，我国一些企业在技术创新中，也开始采用这一策略。日本索尼公司在不久前曾向外界公布了一个秘密，带给我们很多启示。过去，索尼在研发上投入很大，但往往只开花不结果，花了九牛二虎之力将新产品推出之后，别的公司却每每已经掌握了相关技术，所以，索尼公司成了冤大头，为他人做嫁衣裳。为此，索尼公司改变了策略，紧跟市场，待别人推出新产品打开市场后，索尼马上研究其不足，通过进一步的技术创新，开发并迅速推出其第二代产品，在性能、价格、设计等方面都优于对方的第一代，结果取得了“青出于蓝而胜于蓝”的技术创新和市场竞争效果。

显然，这种“跟着走”的技术创新策略是相当巧妙的，它所具有的“螳螂捕蝉，黄雀在后”的市场竞争之利也不言而喻。技术创新“跟着走”虽然是条捷径，但也并非是一蹴而就的易事，它要求“跟着走”的信息一定要灵，动作一定要快，否则，就会跟不上。我国的国产手机，也曾采取在发达国家同行后“跟着走”的技术创新策略，但由于在跟踪的过程中犯了大公司病，反应迟缓，动作不快，结果产品出厂时已届市场饱和点，致使事倍功半，留下了长久的遗憾。

这一教训十分深刻。小企业在实施“跟着走”策略时应该认真吸龋对于创业者来说，不仅是技术创新，就是品牌战略，也要学会做“老二”，“老二”如何制定和发展自己品牌战略并建立品牌竞争优势，是需要综合审视自身实力，竞争者情况以及市场变化。首先，“老二”应心明眼亮自身品牌在市场的地位以及在顾客心目中的位置，再针对“老大”的品牌战略，走有差异化的品牌路线，同时在产品服务经营上保持低的生产成本和高水平的产品质量与服务，逐步提高品牌地位。

在具备相当实力后，“老二”应确定其品牌战略目标，针对“老大”相对较弱的环节，确定相应的进攻战略，进行有足够攻击力的产品、服务、渠道创新，并实施整合广告营销传播，向“老大”发起一场卓有成效的品牌竞争战役，从而赢得顾客，赶上甚至超过“老大”品牌的认知度、美誉度及客户忠诚度。从百事挑战可口可乐的佳绩、佳能在复印机市场超越施乐，以及电脑行业戴尔的崛起，我们看到了“老二”们的希望。创业者学会做“老二”，并不是目的，是一种手段，目的是为了成为“老大”。

不积跬步，无以致千里，不积小流，无以成江河，创业者不学会“扫一屋”，就难以顺利地“扫天下”。学会做“老二”，是一种现实选择，是生存的需要。有限的资金，捉襟见肘的实力，技术及人才资源的不足，创业者如果不学会做“老二”，被雄心勃勃、豪情壮语、大干快上的“创业激情”冲了头脑，无疑是不自量力，“以卵击石”。学会做“老二”，是一种经营谋略，“上兵伐谋”就是这个道理。

受免费提供的旅行咨询信息及行程计划、车辆信息咨询、驾驶技术咨询，以及车辆维修和改装的咨询。为扩大俱乐部的影响，陈方在宣传方面也下了大功夫，定期组织会员们参加各种联谊和公益活动，吸引了更多热爱旅游和热衷于寻求刺激的潜在顾客。随后的日子里，登上了西部旅游这个高速列车的陈方和他的越野俱乐部，几乎是一路畅通地发展至今。
学会“蹭饭”

请客吃饭，来的人中通常有两种，一种是应邀前来的，另一种则是硬要前来的。初创的小企业，要资金没资金、要技术缺少技术，因此在品尝市场大餐时，很少能够被“邀请”。不过，这并不意味着这顿饭就吃不到嘴里。在大企业“应邀”时，小企业学着“蹭顿饭”也未尝不可。而且还别小看了这“蹭饭”，小企业专门为这顿饭而去，就只管埋头吃饭，到最后吃到嘴里的反而比大企业还要多。山西别样红饮料就曾经踏踏实实地蹭了一顿美餐。

红牛饮料刚刚进入山西市场时，整个山西市场中使用金罐子的饮料只有红牛一家。由于红牛强大的广告攻势和相对偏高的市场价格，因此在山西消费者心目中形成了一个概念，用金罐子的饮料都比较高档。此时，别样红抓住了这个机会，也使用金罐子包装上市，马上给当地消费者造成了一种视觉冲击，认为别样红与红牛一样，都是高档饮料。其结果就是，别样红节省了一大笔的宣传费用，并迅速敲开了市场大门。

现在我们可以明显地看到，身处一个明星当道的时代中，只有明星，特别是全球性明星，才能在竞争激烈的社会中拥有更多属于自己的利益。迈克尔·乔丹只有一个，第二名，尽管天分可能相差无几，但也只能拿到1/10甚至1/100的收入。日益发达的交通和通讯设施，和正在成熟的网络经济时代，正在改变人类的生存状态，也使得企业间的竞争变得越来越残酷。第二也好，第三也好，只有先生存、找出路，才可能再谋发展。

毕竟登上塔顶浪尖的企业少之又少，对于大多数公司来说，在第一、二名的光环外找到自己的生存空间，无疑是更现实的解决之道。《孙子兵法》曰：不战而屈人之兵，乃上策也。技术创新“跟着走”便是不战而屈人之兵的上策。近年来，我国一些企业在技术创新中，也开始采用这一策略。日本索尼公司在不久前曾向外界公布了一个秘密，带给我们很多启示。过去，索尼在研发上投入很大，但往往只开花不结果，花了九牛二虎之力将新产品推出之后，别的公司却每每已经掌握了相关技术，所以，索尼公司成了冤大头，为他人做嫁衣裳。为此，索尼公司改变了策略，紧跟市场，待别人推出新产品打开市场后，索尼马上研究其不足，通过进一步的技术创新，开发并迅速推出其第二代产品，在性能、价格、设计等方面都优于对方的第一代，结果取得了“青出于蓝而胜于蓝”的技术创新和市场竞争效果。

显然，这种“跟着走”的技术创新策略是相当巧妙的，它所具有的“螳螂捕蝉，黄雀在后”的市场竞争之利也不言而喻。技术创新“跟着走”虽然是条捷径，但也并非是一蹴而就的易事，它要求“跟着走”的信息一定要灵，动作一定要快，否则，就会跟不上。我国的国产手机，也曾采取在发达国家同行后“跟着走”的技术创新策略，但由于在跟踪的过程中犯了大公司病，反应迟缓，动作不快，结果产品出厂时已届市场饱和点，致使事倍功半，留下了长久的遗憾。

这一教训十分深刻。小企业在实施“跟着走”策略时应该认真吸龋对于创业者来说，不仅是技术创新，就是品牌战略，也要学会做“老二”，“老二”如何制定和发展自己品牌战略并建立品牌竞争优势，是需要综合审视自身实力，竞争者情况以及市场变化。首先，“老二”应心明眼亮自身品牌在市场的地位以及在顾客心目中的位置，再针对“老大”的品牌战略，走有差异化的品牌路线，同时在产品服务经营上保持低的生产成本和高水平的产品质量与服务，逐步提高品牌地位。

在具备相当实力后，“老二”应确定其品牌战略目标，针对“老大”相对较弱的环节，确定相应的进攻战略，进行有足够攻击力的产品、服务、渠道创新，并实施整合广告营销传播，向“老大”发起一场卓有成效的品牌竞争战役，从而赢得顾客，赶上甚至超过“老大”品牌的认知度、美誉度及客户忠诚度。从百事挑战可口可乐的佳绩、佳能在复印机市场超越施乐，以及电脑行业戴尔的崛起，我们看到了“老二”们的希望。创业者学会做“老二”，并不是目的，是一种手段，目的是为了成为“老大”。

不积跬步，无以致千里，不积小流，无以成江河，创业者不学会“扫一屋”，就难以顺利地“扫天下”。学

靠老二哲學 申請上哈佛

靠老二哲學 申請上哈佛
2008/03/25
【聯合報╱記者李承宇／台北報導】
彰師大輔導與諮商系學生詹勳育靠著獲得國科會研究創作獎的論文，得到了包括哈佛在內的多所美國名校入學許可。他以自己在大學的努力成果，打破了外界對「大學生都是草莓族」的刻板印象。他謙虛表示，自己是靠著「老二哲學」一步步完成夢想。

詹勳育說，「老二哲學」聽起來好像很「孬」，但是在他的求學過程中，除了台中一中外，念的都不是第一志願的頂尖學校，也不是每個學期「非第一名不考」的學生。他表示，「老二哲學」不是自己想偷懶的藉口，「而是讓我可以花時間到處玩，去做更多自己想做的事情」，他笑稱「第一名給別人做就好了」。

因此他的大學生活除了本科系的諮商輔導課業外，也玩社團、學樂器、打網球、進修德文、參加國科會的研究；他曾經擔任過口譯的工作，也在科學博物館當過解說員。

詹勳育表示，在高二的時候就興起出國留學的念頭。一開始只是看到同學出國念書，覺得這樣好像不錯，到了大學之後慢慢發現自己的學術研究興趣。他在個人部落格中寫到做國科會研究時的心情：「面對著成堆的書籍和論文，……我埋首在知識堆起的高塔中，抬頭看見的，除了知識，還是知識……」，「想到我也可以做到這樣的地步，心情不禁雀躍起來」。他希望透過學術工作，「影響這個社會」。

詹勳育笑稱，開始研究時的確曾擔心，結果若真的是「大學生就是愛玩、不重視課業」怎麼辦？還好後來研究證實，大學生的發展歷程其實是很豐富的。他說，「我看到系上同學在準備教師甄試，會覺得他們很偉大」，大家都在為自己的理想奮鬥，他不禁感嘆：「大學生都很努力在夾縫中求生存啊…為什麼大家都看不到，只喜歡強調18分？」

晏子的「老二」哲學

俗話說；「伴君如伴虎」。組織裡的老二，如何得到上級支持，又能施展抱負，可是一大學問。深諳此中藝術的，近代中國有周恩來，古代中國則當推春秋時代的晏子。（本來要加台灣近年的吳伯雄，自從當了黨主席之後犯了大頭症要車拼總統府，所以暫時取消。）

晏子擔任齊國專業經理人長達五十多年，先後輔佐過靈公﹑莊公﹑景公三位老闆。作為NO.2的政治人物，晏子當然有他自處之道。如何不遭忌，不見疑，不被中傷，不被排擠，卻又能把業務處理得井然有序，需要相當的功力，也需要某些智謀。

首先需要敏銳的嗅覺。
晏子不是一開始就很獲信任，也不是一直都很討喜，但他總有辦法化解危機，把對自己不利的部分轉化為利於己的政治資源。

以下就舉兩個例子：

有一次，晏子不經意說了一句：「衣莫若新，人莫若故。」意思是說，簇新的衣服，比縫補折舊的好；但故人舊識，要比新結交的朋友好。

善於猜疑的齊景公不以為然。「我相信新的衣服是好的，但人就不一定了。交往太久，彼此都很清楚對方的底細﹑背景。」景公說。

寥寥數語，卻聽得晏子身冒冷汗，晏子後來就辭職了。

為什麼晏子要辭職呢﹖晏子是齊國的三朝元老，侍奉過靈公﹑莊公﹑景公三位國君。要論舊，沒有人比他舊﹔要論知道國君內情，沒有人比他知道得多。機敏的晏子聽出景公話裡有話，所以離職，以免遭忌。

少了晏子之後，景公「董事長自兼總經理」，國事卻紛亂如麻。景公這才知道晏子的才幹及重要，只好將他召回。

晏子政治嗅覺之靈敏，由此可見。

其次，需要靈活的手腕。

有一回，景公派遣晏子擔任東阿城的主官。三年下來，晏子的壞名聲傳遍國都。景公很不高興，把晏子召回，將他免職。

晏子認錯說：「我知道我錯在哪裡了。請再給我一次機會，三年後，讚美我的話一定傳遍國都。」

三年後，一如晏子所言，百姓對晏子贊譽有加，景公大為高興，要賞賜晏子，晏子卻不接受。

「為什麼你不接受﹖是嫌賞賜不豐厚嗎﹖」景公問。

「不！」晏子答道：「過去我治理東阿，加強門戶治安，阻斷犯罪之路，邪惡之輩就厭惡我﹔我提倡孝悌風氣，懲戒偷盜懶惰的人，遊手好閒之徒就厭惡我﹔決斷案件，不問親疏貴賤，權貴豪強就厭惡我。左右的人有求於我，合法的就答應，不合法的就拒絕，左右的人就厭惡我﹔尊奉顯貴的人，不逾越禮儀規範，顯貴的人就厭惡我。他們四處表達對我的不滿，三年下來，壞話便傳到君王您的耳裡。現在我放鬆管理，放寬法令，對左右顯貴之人有求必應，三年後，稱譽我的話就傳到君王的耳裡。」

晏子總結說：「過去我所作所為，應該受懲罰的，恰恰是應該獲獎賞的﹔現在應該獲獎賞的，恰恰是應該受懲罰的，所以我不敢接受君王的獎賞。」景公恍然大悟，就把治國大任交付晏子，三年後，齊國大盛。

＜謀略解析＞
1.Ｎｏ.2人物最忌功高震主，最怕碰到疑心病重的老闆。晏子以靈敏的政治嗅覺，除為自己避開讒禍，更間接證明了自己的重要，使國君於公於私都不敢輕易和晏子翻臉。
2.治理東阿這件事，晏子以相反的管理手法，得到相反的民望，並以不接受獎賞的相反行徑，使國君對他的評價全然反轉。晏子以「對比法」，為齊君上了一課，堪稱「向上管理」的典範。

做“老二”哲学的生意

2009年09月28日 08:01 来源： 科学投资

　　会做“老二”并非真的是甘居人后，而是可以从做“老二”中尝到更多的甜头，从而使自己的创业在一开始就可以借“蹭车”获得利润。

　　中国台湾企业的经营管理的概念中，有一种叫“老二哲学”的说法，就是不做第一，不做第三，而只是紧紧跟在排名第一的后面做老二，瞄准机会再冲刺第一。或许是暂时不愿做“出头鸟”，或许是想挂在后面搭个便车，但最终是没有一家会甘居第二的，“老二”也只是个过渡。创业者在创业之初，要学会做“老二”。事实上，会做“老二”并非真的是甘居人后，而是可以从做“老二”中尝到更多的甜头，从而使自己的创业在一开始就可以借“蹭车”获得利润。找对“火车头”不做火车头，就是人无你有的不要做。最典型的例子就是万燕做VCD行业的火车头，最后钱都让步步高、爱多他们赚去了。当年万燕花了大把的钱，告诉消费者：VCD是好东西。直到市场培育好了，大家都知道VCD是个好东西时，步步高、爱多出手了：建树自己的品牌，完善自己的营销网络，再把价格降下去，成功了！万燕呢，一把鼻涕一把泪地当“革命先烈”去了。生存第一，对于小企业来说，“慢半拍”才是捷径。比如一个投资12万元的餐饮店，“硬件要上水平”、“服务要领先”，而且要“全方位导入企业形象设计”，这种“星级酒店水平”对它合适吗？一家年销售十几万元的初创企业，有人建议它“技术领先”，成立“单片机”研究开发部门，申请ISO国际质量认证，要知道，这个公司目前连个专业技术人员都没有。一个市场，10年以后的前景被描述得非常好，确实也不错，问题是，你怎样让这个企业挺过这两三年？眼下，不少创业者认为开发新产品应采劝先人一步”的战略，此种先发制人的举措无可厚非，而“步人后尘”者则不应视为落伍者。这类“落伍者”之中，大多数是处于创业之初的中小型企业，他们在开发新产品中，由于受到资金、技术力量、人才储备等诸多因素制约，新产品开发步履艰难，很难尽快形成规模，产生效益，这些也正是他们所苦恼和刻意加以解决的难题。而有些中小企业本无“先人一步”的能力，也拼命地往前冲，不仅新产品开发没有形成气候，投入市场后难免存在这样那样的缺点，结果使企业处于困境。

　　“先人一步”必须具备了一定的实力方可行事，“慢人半拍”也非无能，尤其对那些技术力量单雹资金不雄厚、技术人才缺乏的初创企业，更应令企业当家人三思而后行。

《科学投资》杂志认为，对于那些创业者来说，在开发新产品时，创造较好的经济效益关键不在于“先人一步”与“慢人半拍”，而在于抓准了、抓住了开发新产品的“时间差”，打出好的“落点”，从别人产品中吸取优点和长处，不断改进自己的缺点和不足，扬长避短，在市场上也能唱出后发制人的好戏来。也就是说，小企业不做火车头，却一定要找对火车头，也就是找对新兴的市常对于创业企业来说，准确寻找到“火车头”，就意味准确寻找到利润的方向，并且可以及时搭乘上这趟列车去迎接“开门红”的到来。陈方的“前卫越野俱乐部”并不是国内第一家，但是他却看准了两点，第一，国内私车消费市场日趋成熟，越来越多的人购买私车，这其中包括极多的越野车爱好者。并且随着车价的下降，购车人数迅猛增加，这将是一个极庞大的市场；第二，大漠孤烟、长河落日也仅仅是沧海一粟。想聆听大自然最真的心跳，光走走景点是远远不够的；要真正了解西部，只有亲身投入到她的怀抱，感受她！因此西部旅游业也日渐红火起来。两个成熟因素同时存在，让陈方找到了一个不可多得的商机——场地是大自然免费奉送的，整个地区的市场是空缺的。更重要的是，谁能抵挡住在古丝绸之路上风驰电掣一回的极限诱惑？创业之前，陈方一直从事旅游业，作为一名忠实的爱车族，凭着自己在旅游业多年闯荡的经验，陈方觉得自己找到了全新的创业方向。四驱车的最大好处，就是能够在其他车辆难以通行的地方顺利行驶，使驾驶者更贴近大自然的原始状态，享受克服障碍、勇往直前的驾驶乐趣。西部大开发的大环境，也使越来越多的人将目光投向西部。将汽车越野与旅游结合起来的这种新兴体育休闲运动，也容易引起人们的兴趣。天时、地利、人和兼备，陈方满怀信心地踏上创业征程。

　　人员到位了，车辆购齐了。“甘肃前卫越野俱乐部”在兰州正式挂牌营业。兰州是通往古丝绸之路和雪域高原西藏的最佳起始点，也是前往广阔无垠的内蒙古大草原、神秘苍凉的周边大漠，以及山川秀美的巴蜀的必经之地。其特殊的地理位置为发展4x4自驾车越野运动提供了得天独厚的便利条件，而且成本也相对较低。由于自驾车野外探险旅行是一种高消费娱乐活动，陈方将目标客户群锁定在白领和四驱车爱好者两个群体。不过，在实际运营中，他发现来自普通收入阶层的顾客也不在少数，于是，他立即对经营策略做了调整，推出了两档后勤服务类型——普通档和豪华型，以适应不同客户的需要，同时，还为自己没车的顾客提供租车服务。俱乐部采取的是会员制，会员每年要缴纳一定数额的费用，可享受免费提供的旅行咨询信息及行程计划、车辆信息咨询、驾驶技术咨询，以及车辆维修和改装的咨询。为扩大俱乐部的影响，陈方在宣传方面也下了大功夫，定期组织会员们参加各种联谊和公益活动，吸引了更多热爱旅游和热衷于寻求刺激的潜在顾客。随后的日子里，登上了西部旅游这个高速列车的陈方和他的越野俱乐部，几乎是一路畅通地发展至今。

　学会“蹭饭”

　　请客吃饭，来的人中通常有两种，一种是应邀前来的，另一种则是硬要前来的。初创的小企业，要资金没资金、要技术缺少技术，因此在品尝市场大餐时，很少能够被“邀请”。不过，这并不意味着这顿饭就吃不到嘴里。在大企业“应邀”时，小企业学着“蹭顿饭”也未尝不可。而且还别小看了这“蹭饭”，小企业专门为这顿饭而去，就只管埋头吃饭，到最后吃到嘴里的反而比大企业还要多。山西别样红饮料就曾经踏踏实实地蹭了一顿美餐。红牛饮料刚刚进入山西市场时，整个山西市场中使用金罐子的饮料只有红牛一家。由于红牛强大的广告攻势和相对偏高的市场价格，因此在山西消费者心目中形成了一个概念，用金罐子的饮料都比较高档。此时，别样红抓住了这个机会，也使用金罐子包装上市，马上给当地消费者造成了一种视觉冲击，认为别样红与红牛一样，都是高档饮料。其结果就是，别样红节省了一大笔的宣传费用，并迅速敲开了市场大门。

　　现在我们可以明显地看到，身处一个明星当道的时代中，只有明星，特别是全球性明星，才能在竞争激烈的社会中拥有更多属于自己的利益。迈克尔·乔丹只有一个，第二名，尽管天分可能相差无几，但也只能拿到1/10甚至1/100的收入。日益发达的交通和通讯设施，和正在成熟的网络经济时代，正在改变人类的生存状态，也使得企业间的竞争变得越来越残酷。第二也好，第三也好，只有先生存、找出路，才可能再谋发展。毕竟登上塔顶浪尖的企业少之又少，对于大多数公司来说，在第一、二名的光环外找到自己的生存空间，无疑是更现实的解决之道。《孙子兵法》曰：不战而屈人之兵，乃上策也。技术创新“跟着走”便是不战而屈人之兵的上策。近年来，我国一些企业在技术创新中，也开始采用这一策略。日本索尼公司在不久前曾向外界公布了一个秘密，带给我们很多启示。过去，索尼在研发上投入很大，但往往只开花不结果，花了九牛二虎之力将新产品推出之后，别的公司却每每已经掌握了相关技术，所以，索尼公司成了冤大头，为他人做嫁衣裳。

　　为此，索尼公司改变了策略，紧跟市场，待别人推出新产品打开市场后，索尼马上研究其不足，通过进一步的技术创新，开发并迅速推出其第二代产品，在性能、价格、设计等方面都优于对方的第一代，结果取得了“青出于蓝而胜于蓝”的技术创新和市场竞争效果。显然，这种“跟着走”的技术创新策略是相当巧妙的，它所具有的“螳螂捕蝉，黄雀在后”的市场竞争之利也不言而喻。技术创新“跟着走”虽然是条捷径，但也并非是一蹴而就的易事，它要求“跟着走”的信息一定要灵，动作一定要快，否则，就会跟不上。我国的国产手机，也曾采取在发达国家同行后“跟着走”的技术创新策略，但由于在跟踪的过程中犯了大公司病，反应迟缓，动作不快，结果产品出厂时已届市场饱和点，致使事倍功半，留下了长久的遗憾。这一教训十分深刻。小企业在实施“跟着走”策略时应该认真吸龋对于创业者来说，不仅是技术创新，就是品牌战略，也要学会做“老二”，“老二”如何制定和发展自己品牌战略并建立品牌竞争优势，是需要综合审视自身实力，竞争者情况以及市场变化。

　　首先，“老二”应心明眼亮自身品牌在市场的地位以及在顾客心目中的位置，再针对“老大”的品牌战略，走有差异化的品牌路线，同时在产品服务经营上保持低的生产成本和高水平的产品质量与服务，逐步提高品牌地位。在具备相当实力后，“老二”应确定其品牌战略目标，针对“老大”相对较弱的环节，确定相应的进攻战略，进行有足够攻击力的产品、服务、渠道创新，并实施整合广告营销传播，向“老大”发起一场卓有成效的品牌竞争战役，从而赢得顾客，赶上甚至超过“老大”品牌的认知度、美誉度及客户忠诚度。从百事挑战可口可乐的佳绩、佳能在复印机市场超越施乐，以及电脑行业戴尔的崛起，我们看到了“老二”们的希望。创业者学会做“老二”，并不是目的，是一种手段，目的是为了成为“老大”。不积跬步，无以致千里，不积小流，无以成江河，创业者不学会“扫一屋”，就难以顺利地“扫天下”。学会做“老二”，是一种现实选择，是生存的需要。有限的资金，捉襟见肘的实力，技术及人才资源的不足，创业者如果不学会做“老二”，被雄心勃勃、豪情壮语、大干快上的“创业激情”冲了头脑，无疑是不自量力，“以卵击石”。学会做“老二”，是一种经营谋略，“上兵伐谋”就是这个道理。

孔子的哲学是一种老二哲学。

孔子的哲学是一种老二哲学。

为什么这么说呢？

因为孔子用自己的政治理想给中国人设计了一种老二型社会：人人礼让，个个知趣，不为福始，不为祸先。

孔子是万世先师，他的哲学，就是中国人的哲学。于是，许多中国人都成为老二哲学的忠实信徒：不当老大，甘当老二。

臣子面对皇帝，要甘当老二，

老大再不行，也要忠于他；君子面对小人，也要甘当老二，任他再张狂，自己也要退一步为先；个人面对命运，还是甘当老二，三分人力，七分天命，识时务者为俊杰。

就算当了皇帝，成了名副其实的老大了，也要想方设法当老二，没人可以排在前头了，就给自己造出一个“天”，自称“天子”，当不了老二就给人当儿子。

这种老二哲学渗透到了中国社会的角角落落里，在细微之处都时时可见：和陌生人打招呼弄不清大小时一开口就是“请问大哥”，吃饭时谁坐上席要谦让很久才能尘埃落定……

这些人如此热衷当老二，并不是因为他们真的懂得礼让三先，而是因为他们在社会实践中发现，当老二实在比当老大占便宜得多。

所以只要有些许智慧的中国人都以当老二为乐事。

曾经听到一位官员背最新的官场《三字经》：“当官要当副的，吃饭要吃素的，穿鞋要穿布的。”正想恭维他高风亮节时，他的补白又出来了：“当副的既可以享受领导的权力，又不用操心担责任；吃素的养好身体才能更好地吃肉，只有常吃素，才能更好地吃荤；皮鞋穿久了，换换布鞋，再穿皮鞋才有感觉！”

中国人的这种老二哲学确实非常高明，天塌下来先砸着高个子。

当老大固然风光，可也容易成为众矢之的，中国人深解其中之味，所以在他们不具备当老大的绝对实力前，都是安居老二的。

曹操在别人劝他当皇帝时曾经说过一句老二名言：“我不当皇帝，我当周公！”

这种以退为进的思维几乎成了一部分人几千年来政治谋略的基本模式：心里想着前台，身子却在后台。进可攻、退可守，十分符合孔子“君子不立于危墙之下”的人生哲学。

老二哲学又是非常狡猾的。

香港娱乐圈常青树刘德华就是一个老二哲学的坚定信奉者和实践者，在竞争异常激烈的娱乐圈中，华仔却能处处逢源四季发财，和方方面面都保持着良好的关系，这和他坚守做人处世的老二之道不无关系。

刘德华很少去争什么天王，他在屏幕上的形象也绝少像周润发那样以“大哥大”的面目出现，就算在记者面前，也总是一副“小弟怕怕”的样子。

有一次刘德华接受采访，记者问他：“听说您做人做事很低调，从不把争第一作为自己的目标？”

刘德华回答说：“我是一个传统的人，做事懂得礼让，从不刻意争第一，你问我电影有没有跑到第一名？我没有。唱歌有没有跑到第一名？我没有。我两样都是第二名，但是就像十项全能比赛一样，加起来就是第一名了。”

他的话反映出中国一种奇特的现象：能当好老大的，往往是那些甘当老二、会当老二的人。

就像刘德华所信奉的那样：老二加老二等于老大。

因此，任何人要想有所作为，就必须学会摆正老大与老二的位置，也必须弄懂当老二的深刻内涵。

该当老二时，就要老老实实认认真真地当老二。

所以孔子是个大智慧者，不管我们曾经怎样地嘲弄过他，最后还是要回到他的身边。

老二哲學

老二哲學
在組織最可不容易學習，卻也是最重要的哲學就是「老二哲學」，從古自今不管任何成功的人，都是因為自己很成功的「老二哲學」，才可以能讓自己不為他人所忌妒與作為假想敵，而持續的生存下去，最終成為該領域最後的成功者。
多年前有一位好優秀的朋友，不管能力與績效的表現都是組織最優之人員，也高於他老闆整體的表現許多，當然，他的老闆雖然也很欣賞他，也跟其他主管誇獎這位部屬的表現是很棒，不過，最終我的朋友還是被老闆弄走，原因就是他的表現「功高震主」，讓主管如「芒刺在背」無法忍受，最後只能痛下殺手薦，把我的朋友給弄走。

我自己多年的職場經驗也有很多類似這樣的例子，如果一個不懂在必要時候低身彎腰，讓自己成為組織或部門的「老二」，可能不管最後這個人的專業能力有多強，幾乎都無法在組織繼續發展下去，這幾天我跟一位優秀外派的台籍主管聊天，他跟我分享在其職場多年，學會了一件事情，就是在組織「內斂」與保持低調，永遠不與主管爭功，更不讓自己成為他人的假想敵，對焦在自己負責的工作，默默的幫別人「抬轎」，所以，常常看到其他人因為魚蚌相爭，最後出線的人反而都為兩邊人馬所接受的自己，或者是當主管晉升之後，也是優先考量一直願意屈服於「老二」的他。

歷史上有幾位優秀的君主，像漢高祖劉邦、明太祖朱元璋、清太宗雍正，都是曾經經歷過在組織擔任過「老二」的階段，甚至為了做好這個「老二」的角色，不只忍辱負重，還得要處處恭維當時在上者，當然，我並不是說扮演好的「老二」角色，一定要這麼委屈，但是，這些歷史成功的經驗都告訴我們，只有讓自己能扮演好「老二」的角色，必要時在組織要懂得沉潛，這樣未來才會讓自己可以更有機會擁有自己的舞台，有時候在不對時機強出頭，對自己不一定是好的，雖然人家常說「不遭人忌是庸才」，有時候被上位或主管忌妒不僅是壞事，也容易讓自己在尚未一展長才之前就陣亡了。

我想能夠展現良好「老二哲學」的人，也能讓自己在組織建立較良好之人際關係，也比較不易豎立敵人，因為，懂得做人處事之分寸，廣結組織的人脈與結緣，尤其可以得到上司的支持與肯定，願意放手讓你去發揮與實踐，這也是「老二哲學」所引導出來的另種深沉的涵義。

“老二”哲学 文 / 如禅

“老二”哲学　　　文 / 如禅


　　中午吃饭的时候，无意中听到同事聊起一句“千年第二”的哲学思想，仔细推敲，值得品味。
　　
　　“千年第二”就是“老二”哲学，也就是不做第一，不做第三，只是紧跟第一的后面做“老二”，瞄准机会再冲刺第一。记得“老二”哲学曾在台湾经济界经久不衰，风靡一时。其实，甘做“老二”并非真的是甘居人后，而是从做“老二”中可以获得更多的妙处，因为枪打“出头鸟”，做“老二”就降低了风险系数。
　　
　　商界里曾有很多这样典型的案例，比如“万燕”做了VCD的带头人，可以说“万燕”在培育VCD市场的时候，花费了巨额资金，等到市场成熟的了，突然冒出“步步高”、“爱多”“新科”、“厦新”、“星球”等一大批“老二”企业，他们没有市场的培育费，所以用“低价营销”策略，打败“老大”，建立自己的品牌，完善自己的营销网络，取得了成功，“万燕”却成了“先烈”。
　　
　　由此联想到，要当第一，必须得具备了一定的实力才行，否则，“慢半拍”也许不是坏事。“先发制人”者无可厚非，而“步人后尘”者也不应视为落伍。所以“老二”哲学比较适合原始积累阶段。对于企业来说，取得较好经济效益的关键不完全在于“先一步”与“慢半拍”，而在于抓住了新品的“时间差”，打好“落点”，从别人产品中吸取长处，不断完善自己的不足，扬长避短，才能在市场上打拼出自己的空间。尤其是日益成熟的网络经济时代，正在改变人类的生存状态，也使得企业间的竞争变得越来越残酷。只有生存着，才有机会找出路，才有可能再谋大的发展。创业初期，“依大傍大”，跟进“巨人”，在第一、二名的光环外找到自己的生存空间，无疑是更现实的解决之道，因为它具有的“螳螂捕蝉、黄雀在后”的市场竞争之利，同时也具有“不战而屈人之兵”的效果，所以“老二”的哲学思想和处世方法值得借鉴学习。
　　
　　对于个人来说，也是一样。甘心做“老二”，是生存的需要。古人云“不积跬步，无以致千里，不积小流，无以成江河”，尽管有时并不是自己的真正目的，但却是为了成为“老大”的一种必要手段；甘心做“老二”，也是现实的选择。刚刚步入社会的学子，缺乏历练、没有经验，单靠一些豪情壮语的“激情”，无疑是“螳螂挡道、不自量力”。
　　
　　可笑的是，这个世界不管怎样改变，“老大”与“老二”之间的斗争永远不变。不同的是，“老大”能够明目张胆，“老二”只能暗地偷干。纵观历史，“老二”哲学在历代政治斗争中起着翻云覆雨的作用。自古至今，因为不懂做“老二”的道理，致使多少旷世奇才负屈含冤，命丧黄泉。但也有身居“老二”之位，实为“老大”之人。
　　
　　权力永远是“老大”与“老二”的分界岭。拥有权利者，就是“老大”；在权利之下的只能是“老二”。但“老大”的位子坐久了，也会产生了“惟我独尊、威福随性、猜忌随心、予夺任情”等疾症。
　　
　　身处劣势的“老二”，对于生病的“老大”，一般会有如下反应：要么干掉“老大”，要么在“老大”的呵斥中混饭，要么走人，自谋出路。采用第一种方法成功的人，为数极少，因为这种人一定要具有特殊素质与谋略；第二种方法，首先得放弃自我，任人摆布；第三种方法似乎最简单，不受“老大”的恩威摆布，又可以避免“老二”的悲情命运，但自甘于名利之外，何其难哉！
　　
　　在喧嚣的红尘中，洒脱自如也是一种境界。心系禅缘，就会虚怀若谷，努力精进；身体力行，就会百尺竿头，更进一步；志在千里，就会随喜自在，不受拘束。在“老二”的天地里，要坦然面对现实，又要淡然超越现实，自得其乐，以平常之心自然而然地感受生活，一杯清茶一碗粥，悠然独坐心无忧，充分领略“万古长空，一朝风月”所包涵“瞬间永恒、永恒瞬间”的哲理，让自己的心灵不为外物所累，从而焕发出生命的光彩。
　　
　　2005-8-4

老二哲學

星雲大師著

一九九四年七月十一日，我以「退一步海闊天空」勸慰吳伯雄，經半日長談後，吳先生於次日宣布退出省長選舉，省黨部主任委員鍾榮吉隨即發表談話，引用我在省黨部「以退為進」的開示內容，讚歎吳伯雄的胸襟與氣度，印證了我所說的「老二哲學」。當我看到這則新聞報導時，不禁莞爾，深感吳、鍾二人均頗具慧根－－前者言下大悟，即時轉念；後者聞法得益，轉施於人。而我，只不過是將一生奉行「老二哲學」的心得告訴有緣人罷了。

說起來，這世界上有許多事情十分湊巧：在俗家兄弟三人中，我排行老二；出家以後，在師兄弟三人裡，我又處於仲位，可以說我與「老二」很有緣分，而我也很喜歡當老二。因為老二可以揀老大的衣服鞋襪穿，雖然已經不新，但也不算太舊；老二不懂的事，可以「蕭規曹隨」，跟著老大的方法去做，儘管不一定十分正確，但也不會相差太遠。總之，我優遊在「老二」的天地裡，自得其樂，最重要的是，我安於做好「老二」的本分，在承上啟下當中得到無限的滿足。

在同學裡面，我最敬佩的就是智勇法師，他不但辯才敏捷，文筆流暢，而且富於道義，精通武藝。基於一份景仰之心，我待他有如兄長，甘於追隨左右，任其差遣，凡接受一點衣食供養，我便轉贈給他，寧可自己受凍挨餓；對於他所交代的一切事情，我看得比自己還來得重要，一定想法子妥善完成。雖然我們年齡相彷，但是《論語》中所說的弟子之道－－有事，服其勞；有食，先生饌－－我可以說通通都做到了。

一九四七年，有鑑於國勢飄零，人心渙散，再加上佛教衰頹，無補時弊，因此我四處籌款，出資興辦《怒濤月刊》，宣揚興教救國之道，並且推舉智勇法師擔任社長，而我自願做副社長，為他效勞奔忙。由於大家配合自然，理想一致，社務蒸蒸日上，獲得許多好評。記得蔣夢麟先生曾說：「做事時，困難不成問題，危險不成問題，所患者，無偉大之精神矣！」國父孫中山先生就是憑著「立志做大事，不做大官」的精神，得以創立民國。我與同道們雖然僅具微滴之力，但是以堅強的正念為動能，匯入江海，終於一瀉千里，形成波波「怒濤」，在教界產生激濁揚清的效應。

在舊僧勢力澎湃昂揚的當時，位居全國首善之區的南京名剎華藏寺蔭雲和尚竟然邀請我們前往接管，大家一致公推智勇法師做住持，而我理所當然地又在他手下擔任監院，為他做種種策畫。在彼此配合無間之下，大家眾志成城，拼死抵擋舊勢力的種種壓迫，將寺務漸漸帶入正軌。這時前線相繼傳來停戰和談、背諾失信的消息，在緊張的氣流中，夾雜著幾許悲憤。夜闌人靜時，細數中華民族五千年來，因為「寧為雞首，不為牛後」的觀念作祟，所造成的分分合合，不知犧牲了多少無辜的百姓。思之越感傷痛，竟致無法成眠。

一九四九年，中國再度走上了分裂的命運，我隨著因緣渡海來臺。初時三餐不繼，生活極為落魄，但還不是很大的問題，因為在我的心目中，找個真正志在興教利民的寺院，長期奉獻，才是最重要的事情。其間，承蒙一些同道看得起，想將道場寺院交給我管理，然自忖出家學佛，不是為了做住持而來，若不能改變當地佛教崇尚愚昧的現狀，何忍坐享十方供養？例如台中佛教會館、新竹青草湖靈隱寺、苗栗法雲寺等，我都因此婉拒，寧願一面從事苦役，一面閱藏撰文，以一管禿筆，將正信佛法介紹給大家。

一九五二年，我聽說沒有人肯去偏遠的宜蘭弘法，覺得這才是一份真正有價值的工作，於是放棄在都會發展的機會，自願獨往這風雨飽潤的山城。在那裡，不是老大，也不是老二，只是無名苦役，每天搬蒲團，搬桌椅，讓不同程度的人了解佛法，更努力接引青年佛子，教導他們國文寫作，閱讀佛經。每次到各地鄉鎮弘法以前，我總是將台辭寫好讓他們背熟，而他們也都能不負所望，在臺上表現得可圈可點。慈莊、慈惠、慈容、慈嘉……，乃至目前在教育界的鄭石岩、林清志等，數十年來弘法不斷，都是在那時種下了菩提幼苗，如今他們不但自己花果滿樹，同時也在各地撒播種子。慧定法師的朝元寺、如學法師在世的師子會等，我都曾用心為他們作幕僚策畫。我覺得只要有機會為眾謀福，不必計較你我，甚至在幕後默默工作也很好，重要的是，大家是否有一份為教為眾的共識。

一九五四年起，我曾經參與高雄佛教堂的籌建工作達十年之久，落成後，我推舉月基老和尚任住持，自願在他底下擔任監院。當時一心只想從旁輔佐，讓寺務健全起來，使更多南部人士均霑法益，所以不計勞苦，南北兩地奔波。無奈內部人事複雜，大家都爭著要做「老大」，因而爭執頻起，我觀察分析，自覺勢不可為，所以告辭離去。但月基法師建設棲霞精舍，他任住持，我仍作老二，直至他圓寂，我不但不去作老大，連老二都放棄。
在蒼茫的暮色中，我徒步走到高雄車站，回憶十年間，眼看著矮屋高樓平地起落，滄海桑田變化無窮，深深感到世事的興衰看似無常，其實還是有一些常軌可循－－如果自身有不敗之資，即使是外患交乘，也能繼絕存亡，否則，儘管是因緣殊勝，終將步入窮途。無論是富國也好，興教也罷，都和「人」的思想正確與否有著密切的關係，所以必須從根本「樹人」著手，才是長治久安之道。

基於當時在北部法緣益廣，應酬日多，無法專心辦道興學，所以幾經考慮，決定告別繁華的台北，轉往南部偏僻鄉間辦學招生，授以正統的叢林教育。那時外省僧侶住在北部，都是神通廣大，住在南部的人，好像矮了半截，只有以「老二」自居。但佛光山的畢業生，數以千計，目前都在各地弘法利生。回顧位居市區要津的台北佛教界，甚至高雄佛教堂，三十年來卻是紛擾不斷，至今有寺無人住持，當年的信徒也都四散他方，只有徒增興歎。

我不僅熱心僧伽教育，也積極從事社會教育。一九六四年，我與南亭、悟一兩位法師共同發起籌建智光商工學校，並推舉南亭法師為董事長，感謝他幾次推讓後，終於答應就任。可惜當年的君子之風，卻沒有澤及後人，目前的主事者竟然處心積慮欲將我這個創校董事除名於外，撫今追昔，對於今人否定前人努力的心態，連「老二」也要除之而後快，安能妄想老大？

不喜歡別人當「老大」，已是社會常態，大家見怪不怪，有人自甘屈居當「老二」，居然也被人排斥，才是無奇不有。一九七六年，美國開國兩百週年慶典，中央黨部社工會總幹事汪崇仁希望我能代表佛教組團赴美參加盛會，我好意親自前往台北某寺，和中國佛教會領導人報告，並且提議由他當團長，我當副團長；或由他當榮譽團長，我當團長。沒想到他一口拒絕，說道：
「如果你去，我不會去！」

我只好說：「老法師，當然是您去，我不去沒有關係。」

「所有的長老都討厭你去！」他冷冷地再強調。

我向來不念舊惡，但是想到自己多年來，無論怎樣以低姿態和教會相處，不但從來沒有得到正面的回應，反而遭受多次的打壓排擠，當下決意一定要爭口氣給他們看，他們組織祝賀第一團，我要組織祝賀第二團。

後來，妥善規畫的一個多月訪問行程，進行得相當順利，返臺後，每一個團員都表示法喜充滿，這時卻聽說另一個訪問團在旅遊中頻生口角，才回想自己擔任領隊的種種辛苦，因為自己以「老二」自居，把所有團員當為「老大」，最後，皆大歡喜，我也深覺自尊、謙虛都是「老二」應具的特質。

記得有一天，名企業家張姚宏影女士對我說：「我所以有今天的成就，是向多少人鞠躬彎腰才得到的。」對於她的肺腑之言，我引以為知音。回想慈航法師曾說：「如果要人討厭你，你儘可挺胸昂頭！」西諺也說：「宇宙只有五尺高，要能容下六尺之軀，必須低些頭！」

一九八九年，《佛光大辭典》榮獲行政院全國圖書金鼎獎，當我接過獎杯，心裡並沒有太多驚喜。因為這是很多人花費十年時間，不計報酬，不眠不休地從事這項工作，心甘情願屈居「老二」，才能得到這份榮耀。

由於顧慮到貧苦的山區民眾就醫不便，一九八三年，我們首創「雲水醫院」，每天用車子將醫護人員載往偏遠的鄉間，為貧苦的山民診療，而且為病患洗澡擦藥，整理居家環境，做盡「孝子賢孫」的工作。因為做的都是卑微的「老二」事情，後來，慈容、慧龍、依融、紹覺、永勝等，陸續當選了全國好人好事代表。

一九六九，年舉辦第一屆大專佛學夏令營時，正值戒嚴戡亂期間，承蒙救國團應允掛名「主辦」，將團旗插滿全山，我們才得以豁免政府當局的干涉，使得活動順利舉行，嘉惠了許多大專青年，依空、昭慧、薛正直、古清美、尤惠貞等都是這一期的學員。在這裡他們認識了佛法的可貴，後來對佛法都做了很大貢獻。

當佛光山漸漸在國際嶄露頭角之際，有鑑於香港人十分排斥出家人，所以只得把「佛香精舍」設在九龍的一棟公寓裡，默默接引信徒，等到在紅磡體育館舉辦了幾次大型講座以後，時機成熟，我們才又成立「佛香講堂」，廣施法雨。最近，香港最大佛教道場之一的「東蓮覺苑」也聘請佛光山慈惠法師前去住持管理。這一切的風雲際會，豈是偶然得來？所謂「自助，然後人助之。」古德說：「要作佛門龍象，先作眾生馬牛。」想要成就任何一件事，就得效法秋圃老農，躬身耕耘，培植善因好緣，才能有豐碩的收穫。

所以，當我聽到有人稱讚我創下了許多「佛教第一」時，心理真是慚愧極了。匱乏如我，只不過是努力做一個「跑腿」的「老二」，將各種人、事、物結合在一起罷了。無論是建寺安僧，還是弘法度眾，都是眾人因緣成熟，感應道交所致。因此我常說：「光榮歸於佛陀，成就歸於大眾，利益歸於常住，功德歸於檀那。」往後這份福報能否延續下去，還必須靠大家共同努力，「一將功成萬骨枯」，不要光看到高高在上的「老大」，那些無名的「老二」才更偉大！

佛法說萬法相互緣起，故法法平等，每一法都可以是「老大」，也可以都是「老二」，但看你以什麼角度去觀察。紅花如果沒有四周的綠葉圍繞，怎能顯得嬌媚動人？主角假使沒有諸多配角的陪襯，也表現不出他的重要性來。所以綠葉、配角其實都有著舉足輕重的地位。做個「老大」，能夠領導群倫，固然很好；作個「老二」，去成就別人，也很偉大。歷史上，項羽打天下，結果竟是劉邦得天下；陳友諒先自立稱雄，南征北討，後來卻是朱元璋統一大局，坐上王位。世事不必強求，只要因緣具足，自能水到渠成。

當初，我自號「星雲」，只想自我勉勵做星雲團裡的一顆小星星，以一己微弱的光芒和其他星光互相輝映，光照寰宇。如今佛光遍照五大洲，當年的心願已逐漸成就，印證了發心行道自能聚合善緣，其果報是不可思議的。最怕的是自己說食數寶，不肯耐煩吃苦，連一點亮光都吝於付出，你不願作「老二」，誰服氣你做「老大」呢？

四十年來的臺灣，在朝野勵精圖治之下，經濟政治各方面都迭有進步，然而目前金權、暴力卻充斥社會，貪婪之風更是甚囂塵上。究其原因，不外追逐名利，爭強鬥勝，每個人都想爭做「老大」罷了。

五指中的拇指，由於生得肥矮，所以能成其大用，試想吃飯、寫字，那一樣不用到它？高山不辭土壤，故能成其高；大海不擇細流，故能成其大；天地無私，故能覆載萬物；真如無相，故能遍於一切處。凡此種種，證明古德所說：「無欲則剛，自勝則強。」因此，我們如果想要展現成功的人生，必得先從「老二」做起，不強出頭，隨緣隨分。如果能在服務奉獻當中成就他人，在努力工作中實現自我，那麼不管現在或將來是否能當上別人的「老大」，至少你已經做了自己的主人。
　
(佛光廿九年－一九九五年七月)

Dog Training and the Myth of Alpha-Male Dominance

Dog Training and the Myth of Alpha-Male Dominance

冯小刚的《唐山大地震》徐帆等主创人员访谈（北京电视台《非常说名》）1

冯小刚作品《唐山大地震》拍摄花絮之令人感动的群众演员+主创访谈

《唐山大地震》精彩片花+拍摄花絮（冯小刚作品）

Portfolio's Worst American CEOs of All Time - CNBC

Portfolio's Worst American CEOs of All Time - CNBC: "19. Carly FiorinaA consummate self-promoter, Fiorina was busy pontificating on the lecture circuit and posing for magazine covers while her company floundered. She paid herself handsome bonuses and perks while laying off thousands of employees to cut costs. The merger Fiorina orchestrated with Compaq in 2002 was widely seen as a failure. She was ousted in 2005.

THE STAT: HP stock lost half its value during Fiorina’s tenure."

How Pastors Get Rich

Mark Vrankovich Cultwatch's founder and director exposes the secret methods some dishonest pastors use to take money from their church Article How Pastors Get Rich an article by Cultwatch Director Mark Vrankovich This article exposes the secret methods certain pastors use to get rich off God's people. Have you ever wondered how some pastors start a church and then become wealthy living in flash houses and driving luxury cars? Well this article exposes how they do it, extracting money from their congregations to fund their lifestyles. Here are the secrets they definitely do not want you to know. Important Note: As you read please remember that very few pastors use the techniques you are about to discover. The great majority of Christian pastors do not earn much money even though they work hard at their jobs. Most Christian pastors would find these techniques repugnant. Please do not make the mistake of tarring the many good pastors with the brush reserved for the spiritually corrupt few. Table of Contents Introduction The Multilevel Marketing Pattern Books DVDs Hyped Conferences The Christian Speaking Circuit Pastor Owned Businesses that Feed Off the Flock The Honor the Pastor Scam High Pressure Offerings Cathedral Building Wars Siphoning Cash into Property Excessive Wages Perks Nepotism Their Fabricated Tithing Doctrine The Carrot and the Stick Summary Why you should read this Article You will discover the secret techniques that certain pastors use to transfer money out of your pocket and into theirs. You will understand the overall pattern behind their tricks. You will learn enough to protect your friends and family. You could gain thousands of dollars (or pounds or euros), literally. Reading this article can set you free. Free to keep more of the money that you have worked hard for. Money you can take and invest in genuine works of God, or in toys for your kids, or perhaps something shiny for your spouse. Finally, reading this article can help you please God more, since you will no longer be investing in ungodly works. Introduction Like Judas reaching into the money bag, the sad reality is that a small minority of Christian pastors steal from God's people. As Christians we hate to face this truth, but I believe we must, because it is our duty to protect our less aware brothers and sisters - keeping them from these thieves. Unlike so many, we do not peddle the word of God for profit. - 2 Corinthians 2:17a Here exposed are the secret techniques used to fleece money from God's people. Don't be naive thinking that these schemes have spread throughout the world by accident. These techniques are talked about and shared behind closed doors by the clique of pastors who employ them. It's big business. Some of them laugh at us like con-men laughing at their marks. Seriously, if you don't believe that there are men like that, then watch the 1972 documentary Marjoe. You'll soon realize that these wolfs in sheep's clothing have been a blight on Christianity throughout its history. I will start by outlining the primary pattern that underpins these modern schemes. Then I will drill down, listing each technique one by one, exposing how they work. Finally, at the end, I will outline the biggest monetary scam of all. First let's discover the primary pattern behind their methods... The Multilevel Marketing Pattern When it was almost time for the Jewish Passover, Jesus went up to Jerusalem. In the temple courts he found men selling cattle, sheep and doves, and others sitting at tables exchanging money. So he made a whip out of cords, and drove all from the temple area, both sheep and cattle; he scattered the coins of the money changers and overturned their tables. To those who sold doves he said, "Get these out of here! How dare you turn my Father's house into a market!" - John 2:13-16 We've all been approached at some time by a friend caught up in the hope of multilevel marketing. The business they are pushing is simple, sell toothpaste or web sites or whatever, and then recruit people under you doing the same, taking a cut from their sales. Soon you will be so rich that you can buy a flash European car and give stacks of money to Godly causes. That is the dream. The proof the dream works is embodied in the wealth of the dream's leaders. Do you see how rich our leaders are? They made all their money by following the dream, proving that you can too. Except, that it's a lie. Coming up is the key to the pattern, are you ready? These leaders did not become wealthy by following the dream, instead they became wealthy by building up a group of people who believe passionately in the dream, and then selling dream-promoting wares to this captive audience. I will say it again, because you need to understand this pattern. They did not become rich by selling toothpaste; they became rich by hyping dream-promoting books, tapes, DVDs, and conferences to their own private market of dream believers. This same pattern is practiced by some Christian leaders and their churches. The dream is the prosperity gospel. Their captive market is their congregation. The products are, well you guessed it: books, tapes, DVDs, and conferences, and t-shirts, and most ominously spiritual rewards and the prevention of spiritual punishments. These leaders use their faked "success" to promote a distorted gospel which basically says: "tow the line obeying the leaders buying whatever we tell you to buy, and donate money whenever we tell you to donate, and then God will pour riches into your life." They tell us that they became successful by following this dream, but in reality they became rich by sucking money out of those caught up in the buzzing environment where this distorted gospel seems real. Let's drill in and discuss some of the products and techniques they use to line their pockets with money that ought to have stayed with God's people or gone to legitimate good works. You are about to discover how these spiritual vampires feed... Tip: A clue that you are caught up in one of these churches is if you hear things like, "This is your spiritual home, you can't go to another church. You must be loyal." They are very jealous about protecting their market, and do not want to lose one of their paying customers to another church. Some even try to prevent their patrons leaving by making them sign contracts or "covenants", like a mobile phone company locking you into a two year term. But the Bible does not teach that Christians are bound to their local church organization, this idea is foreign to Scripture. Books The first product is the leader's book. Let's be honest, many of these books are below par. Like bad business books they have one good idea, if that, and then are padded with motivational sayings and anecdotal stories of how the leader obeyed the dream and so God hosed him down with wealth. The theological content is basically non-existent. These books would tank on Amazon or in a real bookstore, but hyped to their captive market they sell like hot cakes. Your Counter Strategy: Buy the book if it's got good reviews or if your friends have read it and liked it. In other words treat it like you would any other book. Avoid buying it if the pastor or speaker has hyped it during his talk and especially if there is a lot of peer pressure from the group to buy. Be aware that conferences and seminars are designed to emotionally hype these products. If you've ever been to a high pressure time-share sales session, then you will know what it's like. If you're feeling the hype, then cool off for a few days, buying the book later if you still want to. DVDs Next comes the ever popular DVD. Most of which are videos of the leader preaching in his church on a certain topic. Let me ask you a question, is it ethical for a leader who has been paid by his church to prepare and deliver a sermon, to then take that performance and sell it back to his own church members for a healthy profit? I'm not talking here about paying for reproduction costs or the money going into church funds. I'm talking about DVDs being sold at the same cost as a movie DVD and the profit going into the leader's own pocket. And like the books most of these DVD's are awful, not worth the money paid. Minimal content with gallons of fluff. Some are so bad that my friends and I have been in hysterics, like the preacher whose proofs for his latest invented doctrine is to slap the bible he's carrying and say, "It's bible, it's bible!". But, these DVDs are hyped and hyped, and the captive audience buy stacks of them. In the worst money hungry churches you're expected to buy them, and it is noticed if you don't. Your Counter Strategy: The same as for a hyped book. Is it good? Do you still want the DVD after the hype has dissipated? Then buy it, otherwise save your money. Hyped Conferences The hype for these conferences start months before hand. Other church members look at you strangely if you are thinking about not going. What, you can't afford the huge entry fee? What's wrong with you, don't you love God? Don't you want to be blessed? Don't you want to be successful and wealthy? Don't you want to be part of us? Because you won't be, unless you go to THE CONFERENCE! Each speaker is completely amazing. The next best thing to the second coming. He's built a church up from nothing to one with thousands of people. She's the most Godly woman in the universe who is the best wife ever with the best kids and the best lifestyle, and she's the pastor's wife too. He's from overseas. She's a corporate CEO. Wow. It's going to be awesome. It's going to be triple awesome! It's going to be mega massive triply awesomely awesome! The spiritual reward for going is implied to be life changing. The conference fee is nothing, compared to the fire-fighting-bomber worth of blessings and wealth God will dump on your head from upon high. And Jesus had conferences too, don't forget, like the Sermon on the Mount, where He charged, oh, he didn't charge anything for that spiritual teaching. In fact it was free wasn't it? Hmmm. Well, often the first-movers can't figure out how to monetize their success, we can't blame Jesus for that, can we? Gosh, if only He had some books to sell at the back... Understand, I'm not against conferences. I'm against overly expensive hyped conferences that deliver hardly any lasting value to their attendees; Conferences that are linked to your standing in your church, and supposedly what God thinks of your commitment to Him. And why are they so expensive? Where does all that money go? Well, in the next section you're going to find out... Your Counter Strategy: Hire a hotel room, and sit there reading your Bible with a few Christian friends - trust me, spiritually you'll get more out of it and it'll cost less. Realize that you don't need the sugar high of a conference to get closer to God. Deprogram yourself from the idea that conferences are like a spiritual hot-point you just have to be at. See the hype for what it is. Be led by the Spirit to conferences, not pulled by the fear of losing your church friends and God's blessing. The Christian Speaking Circuit If you have a big market (congregation) and are willing to let others come and sell there, then your fellow pastors will invite you to come and sell into their markets (congregations) too. The bigger your own market, the larger the markets that will open their doors to you - as long as you are willing to reciprocate. Quid pro quo. There is a Christian speaking circuit, just like there is a motivational speaking circuit. The circuit has no formal structure like say a football league, but rather is like an exclusive network or an old boys club. Young speaking-cubs sweat blood to be allowed into the circuit. These wannabes practice hard and desperately seek in-circuit patrons because the financial rewards are significant. Revenue flows in four ways: from sales of products, from special "love offerings" taken for the speaker, from various perks, and from the formal payments (honorariums) for speaking. Not all visiting church speakers are on the circuit, the difference is in the amount of money their visit extracts. There is nothing wrong with a speaker's flights and accommodation being paid for, along with the speaker receiving a fair payment for his time. But if the amounts are excessive and the perks extravagant, then that is an unacceptable waste of the Lord's money. Some speaker's egos are so ripe that they demand business or first class flights, expensive chauffeured cars, five star hotel accommodation, gourmet dining, and the right to bring a small entourage along with them (at the church's expense). Their fees can be enough to buy a family car, and then they have the audacity to expect a special "love offering" to be made for them. The sales of their books and DVD's are carefully planned, and the hosting pastors are expected to hype their products. Of course the hosting pastor will then get the same treatment later at the visiting speaker's church, including his own big fat love offering. If the visiting speaker does not have a church, then the hosting pastor will expect a cut from the speaker's product sales. These Sunday service speaking engagements are the bread and butter, to the glamour and super-liquidity of the hyped conferences. Only the true speaking-circuit superstars get to keynote at these hype-fests. The speakers at these conferences are like sharks in a feeding frenzy, seeking to boost their profit margins with the over inflated prices of their products. Their speaking fees and perks are why these conferences cost so much, and can sometimes even run at a, ahem, cough, "loss". It is unbelievable what some of these speakers expect from the Body of Christ. I would not like to be in their shoes when they finally meet our Lord, or for that matter anywhere within the blast radius. Your Counter Strategy: Don't go to these conferences. Demand transparent accounting to the whole church of all costs of visiting speakers, and for that matter transparency about any income your pastor is earning while speaking at other churches and conferences. No pastor earning reasonable fees from away engagements would have a problem with this, assuming of course he is on leave when he speaks and not double dipping. Pastor Owned Businesses that Feed Off the Flock Another way bad pastors extract money from their captive market is to set up a business, and then get their congregation to patronize their business. Businesses like: bookshops, counseling, gyms, production firms, computer consulting, cinemas, business coaching services, supermarkets, building firms, music festivals, music studios, real-estate firms, and many more. The bookshop is the most common, often located inside the church itself. Members in the church who show loyalty to their pastor's businesses are rewarded, often with increased standing in the church. Members who refuse to use the pastor's businesses are frowned upon. Your Counter Strategy: Don't frequent these types of businesses. Ask questions about who owns them, and where their customers are from, if eighty percent or more of the customers come from the pastor's church then that indicates where its marketing is targeted. The Honor The Pastor Scam Money focused churches tend to be run on cultic patterns. One of these cultic patterns is the division of the church into exclusive rings: the all-powerful pastor perched at the center, the inner-ring of sycophants around him consisting of the pastor's lieutenants and the church's privileged class (the rich, the famous and the very pretty), and the outer-ring of the ordinary folk who would love to be in the inner-ring, but are not. The power of those in the inner-ring is determined by the amount of favor the pastor bestows upon them. To get more favor the inner-ring will employ many favor-currying measures, one of which is a scam called "Honoring the Pastor". It works this way, the inner-ring will figure out what the pastor would like, say for his birthday. Then the inner-ringers will squeeze the outer-ringers for the money to buy this item. Using this method pastors have been "given": diamond rings for their wives, cash gifts, jet skis, luxury cruises, motorbikes, cars, holidays, boats, and a myriad of other expensive luxury items. Are the pastors complicit in this game? Of course they are. They couldn't demand the gift openly themselves, but seek plausible deniability by having their inner-ring lieutenants do the work. Of course they could refuse the gift when it is presented, and make it clear that they don't want the Lord's money spent on such things again, but they never do. These pastors exchange their favor, for cash from their congregation. Your Counter Strategy: Unless it's something reasonable like a bunch of flowers for the pastor's wife, don't give to this sort of fund raising. High Pressure Offerings Another way the pastor uses his inner-ring to extract cash, is via high pressure offering talks in the church services. One of the church's inner-ring will take the Sunday offering, which in these money focused churches can turn into a mini-sermon. These inner-ring members are competing against each other's past high scores. At stake is their standing with the pastor and hence their standing in the church. If they rake in the cash then their position is secure, but if they score low then no matter what excuses they have they know the pastor will blame them. In the extreme money focused churches it is made known who gave the most and who gave the least, and in these churches the giving will not be in secret but people will be expected to come up the front so that everyone can see how much they give. Or people will be watched to see if they put anything in the offering container as it is passed down the aisles. Each man should give what he has decided in his heart to give, not reluctantly or under compulsion, for God loves a cheerful giver. - 2 Corinthians 9:7 Your Counter Strategy: If you feel you are being compelled to give then don't give a penny, no matter how much pressure is applied. Cathedral Building Wars Like the cathedral building wars in the middle ages where cities and countries vied against each other to build the most impressive cathedral. The pastors of these money focused churches fight to own the most impressive church to top their rival pastors - their egos demand that they are the king of the heap. The most impressive churches require the most magnificent buildings, the most professional entertainment in their services, the best church programs, and the best conferences, the best websites, the best radio and TV programs, and the most members. All this costs a lot of money. And just like in the days of old these self anointed church kings seek to tax their subjects to fund their private war. Understand that these cultic churches ultimately exist to serve their pastor's insecure egos, and their congregation suffer under their madness. This type of church culture breeds a harsh environment where people are discarded as soon as they are no longer useful. This is a dysfunctional ethos entirely alien to that of Jesus's teachings. Your Counter Strategy: Don't help fund these monuments to the pastor's pride and prestige, these pet projects, these grandiose visions. Realize that these churches are not focused on Jesus, but are centered around the narcissistic pastor and what he desires most. Don't be part of this game. Surely we are accountable to God to how we spend our money. Surely then it is our duty as Christians to give that money to true Godly works that bear real fruit for the Kingdom. Siphoning Cash into Property Is it ethical for the pastor (or his company or trust) to own property that the church is paying for? Of course not. Another variation on this scam is the church trust being controlled by the pastor and his family, so they control both the church's cash and property. Some of these pastors are very clever in how they hide the money trail. But ultimately if church money is paying for an asset the pastor owns, except via his wages of course, then it is almost certainly wrong. Imagine the furor if a politician was caught siphoning off government money into property or assets owned by himself. Your Counter Strategy: Check who owns your church's property. If it is a trust or company then find out who owns and controls that entity. Then look at what your pastor owns directly or indirectly, and who is paying for those assets. Stop giving to that church until any unethical dealings like these are stopped and the money repaid. Excessive Wages The Bible teaches that the spiritual worker deserves to be paid: The elders who direct the affairs of the church well are worthy of double honor, especially those whose work is preaching and teaching. For the Scripture says, "Do not muzzle the ox while it is treading out the grain," and "The worker deserves his wages." - 1 Timothy 5:17-18 I believe it is reasonable to assume that Paul the Apostle meant only fair wages, not excessive wages, and that Paul would have agreed with what Peter the Apostle wrote: To the elders among you, I appeal as a fellow elder, a witness of Christ's sufferings and one who also will share in the glory to be revealed: Be shepherds of God's flock that is under your care, serving as overseers—not because you must, but because you are willing, as God wants you to be; not greedy for money, but eager to serve; not lording it over those entrusted to you, but being examples to the flock. - 1 Peter 5:1-3 Obviously one of the ways greedy pastors can extract money from God's people is via excessive wages. The amount of which they will often decide themselves, or have conferred on them by their sycophants (via the church board, or the church wages review committee, for example). No honest pastor would have a problem with his congregation knowing how much their church pays him, or at least what range his wage fell in, like say "between $50,000 and $60,000". This is normal. Openness regarding the pastor's stipend has been a practice of the Christian church for hundreds of years, and continues today. Only those pastors who have an excessive wage would be reluctant to let the amount become public knowledge. If your pastor refuses to be open about his wage then be very suspicious. It is likely he knows that the amount would be considered excessive. If it is excessive, then watch him dodge the issue like a sweaty politician. Be even more suspicious whenever you hear a pastor's wage being justified by comparing him to a CEO. If you hear this CEO nonsense then you can instantly know two things: first, the pastor's wage is massive; second, you are being scammed. A pastor is not a CEO no matter how big his church empire is; a CEO runs a for monetary-profit organization, a pastors serves the people of God - they are not the same thing. By the way, if the pastor claims to be a CEO, then you must be a shareholder. Shareholders have full rights to the accounts, including how much their "CEO" is earning. Your Counter Strategy: Find out how much your pastor is paid. If he will not reveal the information then stop giving to that church until it is revealed. Especially stop if you hear any of this "CEO" rubbish. Perks Expensive leased cars, holidays, clothing allowances, spending money, restaurant meals, hotels, flights, and expense accounts, are some of the perks demanded by these luxury smitten pastors. Some say that if they are preaching the "prosperity gospel", then they have to appear prosperous to "walk their talk". But of course that is a deception. They are using God's money to misrepresent how wealthy they are, to help prove their false teaching works. Despicable. Rather, we have renounced secret and shameful ways; we do not use deception, nor do we distort the word of God. On the contrary, by setting forth the truth plainly we commend ourselves to every man's conscience in the sight of God. - 2 Corinthians 4:2 What is worse, many of these churches make their members complicit in this deception. Members are instructed to wear expensive clothes and groom themselves in the manner expected of the rich. They are encouraged to buy (or lease) the most impressive car they can afford. Members are required to appear happy and successful. The excuse given is that the appearance of success breeds success, but this is nonsense, more likely it breeds significant debt. The real reason the leaders want their church members to appear successful is to trick others into thinking that the prosperity dream that they preach really works. Your Counter Strategy: Stop giving money in protest, until the excessive perks are removed. Ignore any pressure to live beyond your means. But godliness with contentment is great gain. For we brought nothing into the world, and we can take nothing out of it. But if we have food and clothing, we will be content with that. People who want to get rich fall into temptation and a trap and into many foolish and harmful desires that plunge men into ruin and destruction. For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evil. Some people, eager for money, have wandered from the faith and pierced themselves with many griefs. - 1 Timothy 6:3-10 Nepotism A church isn't a family business you know; it is a family, but it's not a business. Are the pastor's relatives high up in the church? Are they the ones with the most powerful positions? Then that is nepotism. A good church will choose the very best people for the job, while a bad church will reward those closest to the pastor with the lucrative positions of power. If you see nepotism, then that is a sign that something is very wrong. Your Counter Strategy: Yup, you guessed it - stop giving to that church until the pastor's little family fiefdom is disassembled. Their Fabricated Tithing Doctrine This is the big daddy. This is their sacred cow. This is the beating heart of their evil empire. The crown jewel. The Death Star. The one ring to bill them all. The pot of gold. Their matrix (into which they want to plug you). Their Wizard of Oz. Their magic spell. Their special power. Their secret recipe with the eleven herbs and spices. Their Golden Goose. The very air upon which they breathe! Question this doctrine and watch these money hungry pastors bare their fangs. This is a teaching that they will bear no compromise on. Tithing, or at least their own version of tithing, is their one true love. Here are some bullet points about tithing that these money hungry pastors don't want you to know: The New Testament Church did not tithe. The New Testament does not teach tithing for Christians. Their favorite Malachi verses cannot be used for Christians since Christians are not under the law of Moses. Abraham's one off tithe of his war booty did not set up a precedent for Christians to regularly tithe their income. The version of tithing they teach cannot be found in Scripture (see below). The "Storehouse" in Malachi cannot be equated to your local church organization. There are plenty of rich (money wise) Christians who do not tithe. This would be impossible if their version of tithing was true. The New Testament teaching is that you decide how much to give, and there are no rules about where it goes. You cannot be compelled to give. It may come as a surprise to learn that their tithing doctrine is a combination of twisted scriptures and wishful thinking, as opposed to solid Biblical exegesis reflecting a central thrust of New Testament teaching. Here is their tithing doctrine stated in a nutshell: "Christians must give ten percent of their gross income only to their church organization. If they do, then God will bless them for any offerings they make to the church organization beyond this ten percent. But if they do not give ten percent gross, then they are stealing from God and God will curse them." There are variations of this teaching, and sometimes it is called a "principle", but the above definition contains the core essence of this doctrine. It is vital to grasp that tithing is not for Christians. Tithing was part of the old law (of Moses) which was fulfilled (completed) by Jesus. You know that Christians are not under the law of Moses don't you? But now, by dying to what once bound us, we have been released from the law so that we serve in the new way of the Spirit, and not in the old way of the written code. - Romans 7:6 know that a man is not justified by observing the law, but by faith in Jesus Christ. So we, too, have put our faith in Christ Jesus that we may be justified by faith in Christ and not by observing the law, because by observing the law no one will be justified. - Galatians 2:16 All who rely on observing the law are under a curse, for it is written: "Cursed is everyone who does not continue to do everything written in the Book of the Law." - Galatians 3:10 New wine should not be put into old wine skins, nor should new unshrunk cloth be used to patch an old garment; if you think you need to obey the law of tithing then you need to obey the whole law (or you will be cursed, Galatians 3:10). What is more, this tithing doctrine they teach isn't found in either the New or Old Testament. Tithing in the old testament does not match what these pastors preach - this unique tithe teaching is of their own invention. This is such an important subject that Cultwatch has a special website TithingDebate.com dedicated to setting Christians free from this fake doctrine. There are free books to download and articles to read. Make sure you read our article "Should you give? New Testament Giving Supported!", because Cultwatch is not anti-giving. If you think tithing is for Christians today, then you need to read TithingDebate.com Tip: If you are struggling to feed your family or buy them clothes, then understand that you do not need to give to the church. You can still do so if you choose, but you should not feel under compulsion since your family is more important. Also understand that if you are poor then that does not mean God is cursing you, or that you have done something wrong; this is an erroneous teaching these greedy men promote to guilt you into giving. Remember, your duty is to your family first. If anyone does not provide for his relatives, and especially for his immediate family, he has denied the faith and is worse than an unbeliever. - 1 Timothy 5:8 Tip: Churches that push this erroneous tithing doctrine will often try to enforce tithing via written agreements (called covenants), and also by monitoring what people give (so they can compel them to give more if they are not meeting the ten percent target). First, grasp that these "covenants" are illegitimate and not worth the paper they are printed on, because they contain false doctrine (like tithing) and set up the pastors as a false authority over you. God would not be party to a covenant that contains falsehoods, therefore God was not party to the covenant you were pressured to sign, therefore you are free from this burden. It is as if you never signed it. Second, recording what you give and using that information to pressure you to give more is wrong, the Bible implies that our giving is best done in secret so that only we and God know what we gave. Don't go to a church where they monitor what you give. (note: some churches voluntarily let you record what you have given via a numbered envelope system for tax purposes. Done correctly, no one in the church will know what you gave. There is nothing wrong with this kind of recording.) Your Counter Strategy: Stop giving to that church until they change their ways. That doesn't mean to stop giving to Godly works, we would encourage you to give as the Holy Spirit prompts you and as you decide. But it is valid to protest false doctrine by refusing to fund the system that promotes that false doctrine. The Carrot and the Stick These pastors are not only money hungry, but often power hungry too. They commit the sin of the Pharisees and appoint themselves as middle men between God and you. They seek to replace the Holy Spirit in your life. They "lord it over" their flocks. Read Cultwatch's articles on the "Super Apostles" here if you want to find out more. Using the connection they claim to have with God they threaten you with the stick of spiritual curses if you disobey them, and dangle the carrot of spiritual blessings if you comply. They seek to dominate your life; often implying that they have say in where you work, where you fellowship, who you marry, and of course, when, where, and how much you should give. This is a false spiritual authority not supported by Scripture. In fact I believe it to be quite devilish (the desire to control and dominate others). In these pastor's prosperity teaching, obeying the pastor and giving money are the two pillars necessary for a successful Christian life. If you sit back and think about it, you will quickly see what a con it is. These men want to be at the head of everything, they want to dominate you, they want to be seen as the big man, and some even secretly desire adoration (almost worship). This is the opposite of true Christian leadership: Also a dispute arose among them as to which of them was considered to be greatest. Jesus said to them, "The kings of the Gentiles lord it over them; and those who exercise authority over them call themselves Benefactors. But you are not to be like that. Instead, the greatest among you should be like the youngest, and the one who rules like the one who serves. For who is greater, the one who is at the table or the one who serves? Is it not the one who is at the table? But I am among you as one who serves. - Luke 22:24-27 I call God as my witness that it was in order to spare you that I did not return to Corinth. Not that we lord it over your faith, but we work with you for your joy, because it is by faith you stand firm. - 2 Corinthians 1:23-24 Jesus called them together and said, "You know that those who are regarded as rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their high officials exercise authority over them. Not so with you. Instead, whoever wants to become great among you must be your servant, and whoever wants to be first must be slave of all. - Mark 10:42-44 Threatening people with curses if they do not obey or donate is spiritual extortion. It is contrary to the nature of grace and the person of Jesus. Your Counter Strategy: Don't be afraid of these men. Ignore their bluster. Grow a backbone and stand up to them. And if you give, then give to honor God and not out of fear of punishment or greed for financial gain. Memorize this verse: Each man should give what he has decided in his heart to give, not reluctantly or under compulsion, for God loves a cheerful giver. - 2 Corinthians 9:7 Summary I believe many church goers would be shocked if they could comprehend the real attitude their pastor has towards them. From my experience with both the cults and these money focused churches, it is my impression that instead of being looked upon with love, these pastors see their congregation as farm animals to be milked. It is my prayer that this article will set you free from this kind of spiritual bondage. I hope now you will be able to spot this counterfeit Christian life and be able to transition into a closer walk with Jesus; a walk built on love, trust and grace, not fear. To summarize what we have learnt about the methods money hungry pastors use to feed off their flock: We discovered the multilevel marketing pattern that these often ex-salesmen (not theologians) model their churches. We examined some of the products they sell into their captive market like books and DVDs. We unhyped the hyped conferences, and exposed the christian speaking circuit. Next we talked about how spiritually dishonest pastors set up their own businesses that their followers are expected to patronize. After that came the scam of "honoring the pastor" with gifts of luxury items. We delved into the high pressure offering mini-sermons that are designed to guilt people into giving. We examined how most of the money gained is used to build the pastor's modern day cathedrals, projects that their fragile egos demand. We exposed the scam of siphoning the church's cash into properties and assets owned by the pastor. We covered the obvious points of excessive wages and extravagant perks, and that was followed by the not so obvious problem of nepotism. Their big daddy came second to last - their fabricated tithing doctrine was exposed for what it is, a fraud. Finally we discussed the spiritual carrot and stick of the false authority that the pastors claim. There are other methods these guys use to extract money from churches. Revisit this article regularly to discover these methods in future updates. Realize that a number of churches follow the patterns that this article exposes. However there are many good churches who do not practice these methods. If you have been hurt by these practices then feel free to give up on these twisted money-focused environments, but please do not give up on Jesus. Unlike so many, we do not peddle the word of God for profit. On the contrary, in Christ we speak before God with sincerity, like men sent from God. - 2 Corinthians 2:17. Therefore, can we conclude that men who peddle the word of God for profit are not sent from God? Feel free to think this one through for yourself.

費爾醫生（Dr. Phil）的測驗----認識自己

費爾醫生（Dr.Phil）的測驗 這是一個非常有意思的性向測驗，也是今日許多大公司的人事室給屬下職工與可能成為該公司新雇員的一項測驗，用以幫助了解每一個人的性向。這項測驗不但頗為準確，而且只需花兩分鐘的時間。有些人還要去心理醫生診所花大筆錢做類似的測驗，所以大家不妨試一試，蠻好玩的，不過在讀了自己得分的分析後，也不必太過認真。測驗總共只有10個簡單的問題，大家拿好紙筆，將選擇題的答案一一按順序寫下，然後按得分表將總分計算出來。 在回答問題前，必需記住三點： 第一，要絕對誠實； 第二，選擇答案是依據您現在的觀點，而不是您從前的看法； 第三，要逐題順序回答，不要偷看得分表後再作選擇。 我們現在開始：

1.一天中你在那一段時間裏精神最好？

a) 上午

b) 下午與傍晚

c) 深夜

2..你走路時經常是…

a) 大步走得蠻快的

b) 小步走得蠻快的

c) 抬頭，眼觀四方地緩行

d) 低頭慢步

e) 走得極慢

3..當與別人講話的時候，您是…

a) 雙臂交疊

b) 雙手緊握

c) 一手或雙手放在腰股上

d) 與對話者勾肩搭背

e) 摸耳朵，踫下巴或理頭髮

4..當你坐下來休息放鬆的時候…

a) 雙膝彎曲，雙腿整齊地併排端坐

b) 雙腿交坐

c) 雙腿直直地向外伸

d) 你坐在一彎腿上

5..當某件事使你覺得非常有趣好笑時，你的反應是…

a) 盡情大笑

b) 不大聲的笑

c) 無聲的輕笑

d) 靦腆的微笑

6..當你參加宴會、集會時，你常是…

a) 故意在進場時讓大家都注意你

b) 平平常常地進場，進去後放眼去找有沒有認得的人

c) 極安靜地進場，最好不被任何人發現

7..當你專心工作時被打擾的話，你會…
a) 正好乘機把工作停放一下

b) 覺得非常討厭

c) 在二者之間

8..你最喜歡下列的那一種顏色？
a) 紅色或橙色
b) 黑色

c) 黃色或淺藍色

d) 綠色

e) 深藍或紫色

f) 白色

g) 棕色或灰色

9..晚上當你躺在床上，入睡前的幾分鐘，你經常是…

a) 伸腿仰臥

b) 伸腿趴睡

c) 側臥，腿微彎

d) 將頭枕在一臂上

e) 蒙頭而睡

10.常常夢見你在…
a) 往下跌
b) 打鬥或掙扎
c) 尋找某些東西或某人
d) 天上飛翔或水上飄浮
e) 你通常無夢
f) 你的夢總是非常愉快的

---

計分表

題	a	b	c	d	e	f	g
1	2	4	6
2	6	4	7	2	1
3	4	2	5	7	6
4	4	6	2	1
5	6	4	3	5	2
6	6	4	2
7	6	2	4
8	6	7	5	4	3	2	1
9	7	6	4	2	1
10	4	2	3	5	6	1

---

現在將總分算出來。

超過60分：
在別人眼裏，你是需要當心對付的人。你看起來是自負與自我中心的人，且具有相當強烈的統治欲。別人也許會崇拜你，希望能像你一樣，但他們不會太相信你，也不願與你深交。

51到60分：
在別人眼裏你是一個充滿活力，能鼓舞士氣，天生的領袖人物。能夠很快就作出決定，但不一定是正確的決定。他們看你是一個很勇敢，很有冒險精神的人，不管什麼事情你都願意去試一下，並在冒險中自得其樂。朋友們喜歡跟你在一齊，因為只要有你 在，場面就熱鬧了。

41到50分：
在別人眼裏你是一個充滿朝氣、活力、魅力、風趣而又實事求是的人。在一堆人裏，你總會自然地成為中心人物，但人家不會覺得你有過份之處。在別人眼裏你也是一個和藹仁慈，能為他人著想，能了解他人的人；並能為別人解憂打氣，幫助別人解決問 題。

31到40分：
在別人眼裏，你是一個理智、謹慎、小心與實事求是的人。他們看你是一個很有聰明才智，而又很謙虛的人。你不是一個很容易交朋友的人；不過，你對 交上的朋友，絕對地忠實，同時認為朋友也該這樣地對你。那些認得你的人知道，你絕不輕易動搖對朋友的信任；不過同樣地，一旦你對這種信任開始懷疑之後，你也需要有很長的時間才會恢復這種信任。

21到30分：
你的朋友覺得你是一個極端小心與喜歡挑剔的人。在他們的眼裏你是一個非常謹慎，過份小心，兢兢業業的辛勞工作者。他們若看到你臨時衝動作出什麼決定的話，定會驚奇死了。你對每件事都會左看右看，從每一個角度觀察衡量後，最後還不一定通得 過。這是由於你對任何事都太小心的緣故。

21分以下：
人們認為你害羞、緊張、優柔寡斷，並需要被照顧。你總需要別人來替你作決定，同時也不願與任何人深交，或進一步參與任何事。別人看你總是在憂慮，為一些不成問題的事擔心。也有人覺得你這個人很單調無趣。只有那些真正認得你的人知道你並非如此。